Reply: Seeking blessings {tabarruk} through the remnants (and symbols) of the saints {awliyaâ} of God is not a new phenomenon among Muslims; rather, this behavior can be traced back to the Prophetâs life account and to the life of his Companions.
Not only the Holy Prophet (S) and his Companions did this act but also past prophets (âa) used to do it. Below are the proofs provided by the Qurâan and Sunnah concerning the legitimacy of seeking blessings through the remnants (and symbols) of the awliyaâ.
1. In the Holy Qurâan we read that when Yusuf (Joseph) the Truthful (âa) introduced himself to his brothers and forgave them, he said:
ï´¾ Ø¨ÙØµÙÙØ±Ùا ÙÙØ£Ù’ØªÙ Ø£ÙØ¨ÙÙ ÙÙØ¬Ù٠عÙÙÙÙÙ° ÙÙØ£ÙÙÙ’ÙÙÙÙÙ ÙÙÙ°Ø°ÙØ§ بÙÙÙÙ…ÙÙØµÙ٠ٱذْÙÙØ¨ÙÙØ§ ï´¿
âTake this shirt of mine, and cast it upon my fatherâs face; he will regain his sight.â[187]
Then, the Qurâan recounts:
ï´¾ Ø¨ÙØµÙÙØ±Ùا ÙÙÙ±Ø±Ù’ØªÙØ¯ÙÙ’ ÙÙØ¬Ù’ÙÙÙ٠عÙÙÙÙÙ° Ø£ÙÙÙ’ÙÙÙ°ÙÙ Ù±ÙÙ’Ø¨ÙØ´ÙÙØ±Ù Ø¬ÙØ§Ø¡Ù Ø£ÙÙ ÙÙÙÙÙ…Ùْا ï´¿
âWhen the bearer of good news arrived, he cast it on his face, and he regained his sight.â[188]
The expressive content of these Qurâanic words proves clearly how a prophet of God (Hadrat Yaâqub (âa)) seeks blessings through the shirt of another prophet (Hadrat Yusuf (âa)). Furthermore, it indicates that the said shirt caused Hadrat Yaâqub (âa) to regain his sight.
Now, can we say that this act of the two holy prophets (âa) is not within the ambit of monotheism and worship of God?!
2. No one doubts that while circumambulating the House of God {tawaf}, the Holy Prophet of Islam (S) used to touch or kiss the Black Stone {Hajar al-Aswad}.
Bukhari in his Sahih says:
â.ÙÙØ¨Ù’ÙÙ Ù ÙØ³ØªÙÙ…Ù â” ÙØ³Ùْم {ÙØ¢ÙÙ} عÙÙ٠اÙÙ٠صÙ٠┠اÙÙ٠رسÙÙ Ø±Ø£ÙØªâ
âI saw the Messenger of Allah (S) touch and kiss it (Hajar al-Aswad).â[189]
So, if touching or kissing a stone was an act of associating partner with God, how would the Prophet who called for monotheism do it?
3. In the Sahihs, Musnads and books of history and traditions, there are plentiful hadiths regarding the Prophetâs Companionsâ seeking blessings through the Prophetâs (S) belongings such as garment, water of wuduâ {ablution}, water vessel, etc. These hadiths remove any doubt about the legitimacy and wholesomeness of this practice.
We cannot cite all the hadiths related to this issue in this volume, and we shall mention only some of them:
a. In his Sahih, Bukhari narrates a long tradition which contains a description of some of the features of the Prophet (S) and his Companions, and says:
â.ÙØ¶Ùئ٠عÙÙ ÙÙØªØªÙÙÙ ØªÙØ¶Ù’Ø£ÙØ§Ø¯Ùا إذا Ùâ
âWhen he (Prophet) performed wuduâ, they (Muslims) would seemingly fight with one another (in order to get some of the water the Prophet (S) used in wuduâ).â[190]
b. Ibn Hajar says:
â.عÙÙÙÙ… ÙÙØ¨Ø±Ù Ø¨Ø§ÙØµÙ’Ø¨ÙØ§Ù ÙØ¤ØªÙÙ° ÙØ§Ù â” ÙØ³Ùْم {ÙØ¢ÙÙ} عÙÙ٠اÙÙ٠صÙ٠┠اÙÙْب٠إÙÙÙ’â
âThey brought children to the Prophet (S) and he blessed them.â[191]
c. Muhammad Tahir al-Makki says:
âUmm Thabit is reported to have said: âOnce the Messenger of Allah (S) called on me and while standing drank water from the mouth of a waterskin, which was suspended. So I rose up and cut off the mouth of the waterskinâ.â
He then adds:
âTirmidhi narrates this hadith, too and says: âIt is an authentic {sahih} and sound {hasan} hadithâ, and the commentator of this hadith says in the book, Riyad as–Salihin: âUmm Thabit cut off the mouth of the waterskin so as to keep for herself the place of the Prophetâs mouth whereby she sought blessing {tabarruk}. Similarly, the Companions would drink water from where the Prophet used to drinkâ.â[192]
Ø§ÙØºØ¯Ø§Ø© صÙْ٠إذا â” ÙØ³Ùْم {ÙØ¢ÙÙ} عÙÙ٠اÙÙ٠صÙ٠┠اÙÙ٠رسÙÙ ÙØ§Ùâ
غمس Ø¥ÙØ§Ù’ Ø¨Ø¥ÙØ§Ø¡ ÙØ¤ØªÙ Ùما اÙماء ÙÙÙØ§ بآÙÙØªÙÙ… اÙمدÙÙØ© خدم جاء
â.ÙÙÙØ§ ÙØ¯Ù ÙÙØºÙ…س Ø§ÙØ¨Ø§Ø±Ø¯Ø© Ø§ÙØºØ¯Ø§Ø© Ù٠جاؤÙÙ ÙØ±Ø¨Ù’ما ÙÙÙØ§ ÙØ¯Ù
âThe servants of Medina used to go to the Messenger of Allah (S) after morning {subh} prayer with vessels full of water and he would place his hand into each vessel. Sometimes they would go to him in cold mornings and he would place his hand into them (vessels).â[193]
This shows clearly that seeking blessings through the belongings of awliyaâ of God is not a problem. It also shows that those who accuse the Shiâah of polytheism and associating partners with Allah on account of this practice have no clear idea of the meaning of monotheism {tawhid}.
Polytheism or worshipping other than Allah means to have one of the creatures as a god along with Allah or to attribute to that creature some divine acts by considering him as independent and needless of God in the essence of creation or power. This is while the Shiâah regard the belongings of awliyaâ of God, just like theirs owners, as things that are made by God and these things are in need of Him both in the essence of existence and in power.
The Shiâah seek blessings through these symbols only to show respect to their leaders and forerunners of the religion of God and to express their sincere love for them.
When the Shiâah kiss part of the shrine or its doors or walls during their visitation to the holy shrine of the Prophet (S) and his Ahl al-Bayt (âa), it is only because they love the Holy Prophet (S) and his progeny, and this is an issue of human emotion, which manifests itself in the person in love. A sweet-tongued man of letter says:
سÙÙْمٰ٠دÙÙØ§Ø± Ø§ÙØ¯Ù’ÙØ§Ø± عÙÙÙÙ Ø£Ù…ÙØ±ÙÙ’
Ø§ÙØ¬Ùدارا ذا Ù Ø§ÙØ¬Ùدار٠ذا Ø£ÙÙØ¨ÙÙ’ÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙ’Ø¨Ù Ø´ÙØºÙÙÙ’ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¯ÙÙ’ÙØ§Ø±Ù ØÙبÙÙ’ ما ÙÙ
Ø§ÙØ¯ÙÙ’ÙØ§Ø±Ø§ سÙÙÙÙÙ Ù…ÙÙ ØÙبÙÙ’ ÙÙÙÙ°ÙÙÙÙ’
By Laylaâs residence I pass; I kiss this wall and that wall.
It is not the love of residence that gladdens my heart; rather, the love of its dweller.
— taken from the book “The Shi’ah Rebuts” by Sayyid Rida’ Husayni Nasab. Written under the supervision of Ayatullah Ja’far Subhani
Notes:
[187] Surah Yusuf 12:93.
[188] Surah Yusuf 12:96.
[189] Sahih al-Bukhari (Egypt), vol. 2, âKitab al-Hajj,â âBab Taqbil al-Hajar,â pp. 151-152.
[190] Sahih al-Bukhari (Egypt), vol. 3, âKitab ma Yajuz min ash-Shurut fiâl-Islam,â âBab ash-Shurut fiâl-Jihad waâl-Masalahah,â p. 195.
[191] Al-Isabah (Egypt), vol. 1, âKhutbah al-Kitab,â p. 7.
[192] Muhammad Tahir al-Makki, Tabarruk as–Sahabah, trans. Ansari, chap. 1, p. 29.
[193] Sahih Muslim, vol. 7, âKitab al-Fadaâil,â âBab Qurb an-Nabi (S) min an-Nas wa Tabarrukihim bihi,â p. 79. For more information, refer to the following references:
a. Sahih al-Bukhari, âKitab al-Ashribahâ;
b. Malik, Al-Muwattaâ, vol. 1, the section on invoking blessings to the Prophet (S), p. 138;
c. Asad al-Ghabah, vol. 5, p. 90;
d. Musnab Ahmad ibn Hanbal, vol. 4, p. 32;
e. Al-Istiâab, vol. 3, at the margin of âal-Isabah,â p. 631;
f. Fath al-Bari, vol. 1, pp. 281-282.
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